Class 7 Geography Chapter 3: Climate of India – Notes, Q&A & Activities 🌦️

India has a wide range of climates — from the icy mountains of Leh to the warm coasts of Chennai. Below are important Class 7 solutions, explanations, and activities based on Chapter 3: Climate of India.

1. Match the climatic factors with their effects:

Answer: 

2. Answer the following questions:

(a) What is the difference between weather and climate?

Answer:
🌤️ Weather refers to the day-to-day atmospheric conditions like temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind.
🌡️ Climate is the average weather condition of a place observed over a long period of time (about 30 years or more).

(b) Why do places near the ocean have milder temperatures than places far away from it?

Answer:
🌊 Places near the ocean have milder temperatures because the sea has a moderating influence.
Water heats and cools slowly, so coastal regions experience less variation in temperature.

(c) What role do monsoon winds play in affecting India’s climate?

Answer:
🌧️ Monsoon winds are seasonal winds that bring rainfall to India.

• In summer, warm land attracts moist air from the ocean → Southwest Monsoon → heavy rainfall.

• In winter, cool land pushes dry winds to the sea → Northeast Monsoon → dry weather, with some rainfall in eastern & southern India.

(d) Why is Chennai warm or hot throughout the year, while Leh is cold?

Answer:
🌞 Chennai is near the sea and lies in the tropical zone, so it remains warm or hot during the year.
❄️ Leh is in the Himalayan region at a high altitude. Thin air and low heat retention make it cold most of the year.

3. Look at a map of India… Identify the climate for these cities — Leh, Chennai, Delhi, Panaji and Jaipur.

Answer: 

Leh

📍 Location: In the mountains (Himalayas, J&K region)
🌡️ Climate: Cold and dry
📝 Reason: High altitude → thin air → low temperature; very little rainfall.

Chennai

📍 Location: Near the sea
🌡️ Climate: Hot and humid
📝 Reason: Coastal effect moderates temperature; high humidity.

Delhi

📍 Location: Inland
🌡️ Climate: Extreme climate — very hot summers & cold winters
📝 Reason: No moderating influence of the sea; large seasonal variation.

Panaji

📍 Location: Western coast (Goa)
🌡️ Climate: Warm and humid
📝 Reason: Coastal climate with heavy monsoon rainfall.

Jaipur

📍 Location: Near the Thar Desert
🌡️ Climate: Hot and dry
📝 Reason: Desert conditions → high heat, low humidity; cool winters.

4. Draw the monsoon cycle in summers and winters on a map of India.

Answer:

• Summer Monsoon (June to September): Winds blow from the southwest (from the Indian Ocean) bringing moisture and rain to India. The rains start in the southern tip and move northward, covering the entire subcontinent by mid-July.

• Winter Monsoon (October to February): Winds reverse and blow from land to the sea, bringing dry weather and cool temperatures. These winds bring some moisture to parts of East and South India.

5. Make a colourful poster showing festivals linked to farming and weather.

Answer:

6. Imagine you are a farmer… Write a diary entry about preparing for the rainy season.

Answer (Diary Entry):

📅 Date:

Dear Diary,
The monsoon is just a few weeks away, and I am preparing my farm in Maharashtra for the rainy season.
Cleaning the irrigation channels was important so water can reach my rice and sugarcane fields properly.
The bunds around the fields have been repaired to prevent flooding.
Good-quality seeds that grow well in heavy rain have been purchased and stored safely.
I also checked my tools and repaired the roof of my shed to protect them. My family and I prayed for a good monsoon because our crops depend on it.
I am hopeful for a great harvest this year! 🌾🙏

Yours,
(Farmer)

7. Identify a natural disaster and write a short essay with causes, impacts & solutions.

Natural Disaster: Floods 🌊

Floods occur when water overflows onto land that is usually dry. In India, they are common during monsoon season.

Causes of Floods:

• 🌧️ Heavy Monsoon Rainfall: Rivers overflow after sudden rain.

• 🚫 Poor Drainage Systems: Blocked drains cause waterlogging.

• 🌲 Deforestation: Less tree cover reduces land’s ability to absorb water.

Impacts of Floods:

• 🏚️ Loss of Life and Property: Homes, crops, and roads get damaged.

• 🦠 Diseases: Standing water leads to cholera, dengue.

• 🏃‍♂️ Displacement: People move to shelters.

• 📉 Economic Loss: Agriculture and business suffer.

Individuals Can:

• Keep emergency kits ready 🧰

• Avoid throwing garbage in drains 🗑️

• Follow weather alerts 📢

Communities Can:

• Organize awareness campaigns

• Clean and maintain drains

• Support rescue and relief efforts 🤝

Government Can:

• Build embankments and flood barriers

• Improve weather forecasting (IMD)

• Provide quick relief through NDRF teams

• Promote afforestation 🌳

Conclusion 🌟

These Class 7 Climate of India questions and activities help students understand how weather and climate shape life in different regions.
💬 Have questions or need more chapters? Comment below or explore the next lesson!